11th Commerce
Economics Class 11 - Chapter 6 - Population in India
1.
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Stages of the theory of demographic transition :
a. High birth rate and high death rate.
b. High birth rate and low death rate.
c. Low birth rate and low death rate
d. Economic development
Options:
1. a and b
2. a and c.
3. a, b and c
4. a, b, c and d
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2.
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Incorrect reasons for population explosion in India :
a. Illiteracy
b. Universalization of marriage
c. Joint family system
d. Upliftment in lifestyle
Options.
1. a and b
2. c and d
3. a, b and c
4. d
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3.
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Remedies undertaken to check population explosion :
a. To provide employment
b. To improve women’s quality of life
c. National Population Policy
d. Disaster Management
Options:
1. d
2. a and c
3. c and d
4. a, b and c
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4.
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Choose the correct option
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Group A
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Group B
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1) Years of Great Divide
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a) Stable population till 2045
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2) A. J. Coale and E. M. Hoover
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b) 1921
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3) Social Reforms
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c) Demographic Transition
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4) National Population Policy, 2000
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d) Spread of Education
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Options:
1. 1-d. 2-c, 3-a, 4-b
2. 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a
3. 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
4. 1-C, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
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Q.2. Give economic terms: | |||||
1.
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Increase in population is faster than economic growth and development.
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Ans.
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Population explosion
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2.
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Difference between birth rate and death rate.
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Ans.
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Survival rate
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3.
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Balance between natural resources and population growth.
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Ans.
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Optimum population
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4.
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Programme introduced to reduce the birth rate in 1952.
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Ans.
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Family planning Programme
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Q.3. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustration: | |||||
1.
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There were 40 births per 1000 in country “A’ during a year.
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Ans.
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(A) Identified concept: Birth rate
(B) Explanation of concept: The number of births occurring per thousand of the living population during a year is called birth rate. In the above illustration, the birth rate is 40.
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2.
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In Mumbai city, public transport service is largely affected due to growing population.
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Ans.
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(A) Identified concept: Pressure on infrastructure
(B) Explanation of concept: Growing population adversely affects the infrastructure and basic amenities. This is known as pressure on infrastructure.
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3.
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In country ‘8’, there are 15 deaths taking place per 1000 during a year.
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Ans.
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(A) Identified concept: Death rate
(B) Explanation of concept: The number of deaths per thousand of the living population during a year is called death rate. In the above illustration, the death rate is 15.
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4.
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For a certain period of time, China had adopted the policy of ‘One child per family’
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Ans.
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(A) Identified concept: Family Planning
(B) Explanation of concept: Family planning policy / programme is a measure to control growing population in Which birth of child is determined. by choice and not by chance.
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Q.4. Answer the following. | |||||
1.
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Explain the causes of high birth rate.
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Ans.
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The causes of high birth rate are as follows:
1. Illiteracy: The percentage of illiterates in the country is reasonably high. The attitude of illiterate people towards marriage and child birth has remained rigid . Low level of literacy among females is also responsible for a high birth rate.
2. Universalization of marriage : In India, marriage is considered as both religious and social obligation. Even with the spread of education, the attitude of people towards marriage remains unchanged at large.
3. Age of marriage : In India, the legal age of marriage is relatively lower compared to other countries. It is 18 years for females and 21 years for males. Low age of marriage has also resulted in a high birth rate.
4. Preference for male child : Many Indian parents are opting to continue having children until they have a son or desired numbers of sons. This is known as son meta-preference.
5. Joint family system :There is no individual financial responsibility in a joint family. Hence, existence of joint family is also responsible for high birth rate in India.
6. Dependence on Agriculture : Indian agriculture is driven by manpower. In India, there is overdependence on agriculture. More number of children in the family implies more labour force available for field work.
7. Widespread Poverty : Poor people prefer large families because they feel that more children means greater economic support.
Lack of awareness about family welfare services : In India, due to illiteracy, ignorance, etc. most of the people are unaware about the availability of various means and techniques of family planning
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2.
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Explain the causes of low death rate
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Ans.
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The causes of low death rate are as follows:
1. Improvement in medical and health facilities : In India, in the post independence period, the availability of medical and health facilities have improved. As its effect, epidemics like plague, cholera, malaria, small pox, tuberculosis, etc. have almost been eradicated.
2. Decline in maternal mortality rate : Death rate of women dying during maternity has declined due to improvement in medical facilities.
3. Fall in infant mortality rate : Due to better medical facilities and increased literacy among women, there has been a decline in infant mortality rate from 146 per 1000 in 1951 to 64 per 1000 in 2002 and 47 per 1000 in 2011.
4. Increase in literacy : In India, the spread of education has help the people to take care of their life and the needs of their children in a better Way. Education has helped the people to come out of their blind faith, beliefs and ignorance.
5. Use of nutritious food: In India, spread of education has created awareness about health and nutrition among people. For many decades, percentage of children and women dying due to malnutrition and ill health was quite high. These deaths are now brought under control by providing nutritious diet. e.g. Mid-day meal programme in schools.
6. Disaster management: The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was constituted in 2005. NDMA helps to mitigate all. types of disasters. This has helped in reducing the loss of lives.
Other factors: Education, social reforms, rapid urbanization, improvement in standard of living, publicity campaigns are also responsible for creating awareness among the people thereby reducing death rate.
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3.
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Explain the role of human resource in economic development.
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Ans.
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1. In modern times, Human development is considered as an end and the economic growth is a means to achieve this end. So, human conditions should be improved to achieve economic development.
2. Human development helps to reduce civil disturbances and helps in bringing political stability. This in turn helps in achieving the goal of economic development.
3. Human development is concerned with widening not merely income choices but also social, cultural or political aspects of human development.
4. Human resource development occurs through spread of educational facilities. Increase in literacy rate, especially among women helps in reducing birth rate and infant mortality rate. This contributes to population control. This further helps in economic development.
5. Human resource development improves life expectancy and literacy rate. This further improves the quality of life.
6. Human resource development helps to bring about research and development.
7. Human development helps to increase human productivity. For example, investment in nutrition, health and education results in higher productivity.
8. Concept of human development is universal.
It applies to less developed as well as highly developed countries. Thus, human development embraces the entire society.
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Q.5. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements : | |||||
1.
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India is experiencing population explosion.
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Ans.
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Yes, I agree with this statement.
Reasons:
1. In the post-1950 period, the birth rate has slowly declined from 41.7 in the period from 1951 to 1960 to 20.97 in the period from 2001 to 2010.
2. During the same period, the death rate rapidly declined from 22.8 to 7.48.
3. During the same period, the population increased from 36.11 crores in 1951 to 121.02 crores in 2011.
4. India’s population is not merely large but it is also increasing at an alarming rate and population explosion has become a major problem In India’s economic development.
Thus, India is experiencing population explosion.
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2.
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Death rate is falling rapidly in India.
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Ans.
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Yes, I agree with this statement.
Reasons:
1. In post-independence period, with advances in medical and health facilities, epidemics like plague, cholera, malaria, small pox, tuberculosis, etc. have almost been eradicated.
2. Increase in literacy among women has led to decline in infant mortality rate.
3. The national Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) helps to mitigate all types of disasters. This has helped in reducing the loss of lives.
4. Due to other factors like social reforms, rapid urbanization, publicity campaigns, etc. death rate has declined. The death rate in India has fallen rapidly from 19.0 in 1961 to 7.48 in 2011.
Thus, death rate is falling rapidly in India.
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3.
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Optimum population contributes economic development of a country.
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Ans.
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Yes, I agree with this statement.
Reasons:
1. In the condition of optimum population, there is a balance between population growth and availability of natural resources. .
2. In the condition of under population , natural resources are under used Which leads to limited economic development.
3. In the condition of overpopulation, natural resources are over used. This adversely affects economic development.
4. In the condition of optimum population, natural resources are used at optimum level which leads to optimum economic development.
Thus, optimum population contributes economic development of a country.
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4.
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Human resources play an important role in economic development.
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Ans.
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Yes, I agree with this statement.
Reasons:
1. Development of human resource reduces civil disturbances and increases political stability.
2. Development of human resource helps in controlling increasing population.
3. Development of human resource helps in increasing human productivity.
4. Development of human resource widens the economic, social, cultural and political choices.
Thus, human resources play an important role in economic development.
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5.
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Birth rate is declining due to changes in the standard of living.
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Ans.
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Yes, I agree with this statement.
Reasons:
1. Increase in standard of living is helping in bringing change in attitude of people towards marriage and child birth.
2. Change in standard of living is also responsible for making people aware of family planning and the need of small family.
3. Change in standard of living has helped people to come out of superstitions, beliefs, etc.
4. Change in standard of living has increased the income level in a country, leading to decline in birth rate. Thus, birth rate is declining due to changes In the standard of living.
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